BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM.
ABSTRACT
[1] In farming, irrigation is a
very indispensable factor. Most farmers apply irrigation by manual means which
is effective for small scale farming. But the larger the farmland, the greater
the need for a better means of irrigation, hence, an automated irrigation
system. This paper discusses the design and implementation of an Intelligent
Microcontroller-based Irrigation System. This system of irrigation uses soil
humidity and water level sensors to ensure adequate application of water on
time and when needed. Farming flexibility, conservation of time and water,
preservation of soil structure and nutrients and avoidance of land wastage due
to erosion are all the farmer/user of this system stands to gain.
KEYWORDS: microcontroller,
irrigation system, sensors
INTRODUCTION
[3]
Irrigation has always been an ancient practice which has evolved through so
many stages over the years. Our ancestral farmers in a bid to irrigate their
farm sought for various methodologies. [4] Manual irrigation using buckets and
watering cans, flood irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation were and
is still being used today.
[2]
The existing system has several limitations; leaching off of soil nutrients,
erosion due to flooding, loss of water from plant surfaces through evaporation,
water wastage which can result to water scarcity in drought areas and
production of unhealthy crops. But with the new system-the intelligent
microcontroller-based irrigation system, all these limitations are corrected.
The
Intelligent microcontroller-based irrigation system mainly consist a
microcontroller, two sensors, an alarm, and two pumps. The sensors, the soil
humidity sensor and water level sensor measure the soil humidity and tank water
level respectively. The data from the sensors are sent to the microcontroller
in order to take the proper action/output through the irrigation and/or the
water pump. An alarm is triggered at threshold point on both sensors. The
microcontroller is programmed using assembly language, to oversee these
operations.
On
implementation of this system, production of healthy and bountiful crops is
ensured in the long run.
OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED SOLUTION
The
System includes the microcontroller (AT89C52), the soil humidity sensor, the
water level sensor, the irrigation pump, the reservoir pump, the 16x2 LCD, and
the alarm. This section specifies what the new system will achieve:
Ø The
new system is automated. In this sense, it automatically, without the aid of a
supervisor, supplies water to the farm when needed.
Ø The
new system is intelligent in that it perceives when the soil needs water and
triggers water application. It also ensures constant water storage in the tank
or storage unit available.
Ø It
responds and acts in real-time.
Ø This
system better conserves energy, time and water.
Ø It
exercises system and operational flexibility.
WORKING OF THE SYSTEM
The
Intelligent Microcontroller-based Irrigation System basically consists of the
microcontroller, the soil humidity sensor, the water level sensor, the
irrigation pump, the water pump, and the alarm. The soil humidity sensor is
staked into the ground and it measures the humidity of the soil, such that once
the soil becomes dry or saturated, the sensor sends a signal to the
microcontroller by which it takes subsequent action. This action is either
starting or stopping irrigation, which is carried out by the irrigation pump.
On
the other hand, the water level sensor is put into the tank and sends input to
the microcontroller based on the status of the tank, whether low or high water level.
For the former, the microcontroller signals the relay for water pump and water
pumping starts, whereas the latter stops the pumping.
The
alarm is triggered when any of these happens; high water level, low water
level, high humidity, and low humidity.
The
LCD displays every process going on in the system, from the initializing to the
monitoring, to the pumping etc.
ANALYSIS ON THE BLOCK DIAGRAM
THE
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
THE PSEUDOCODE OF THE PROPOSED
SYSTEM
START
Assignment of i/o bits and ports
to their desired labels
Initialize all memory locations and bits to their starting values
Check the reservoir for UPPER WATER LEVEL, signal input bit (UWL)
for a low
If bit is low Then report UPPER WATER
LEVEL REACHED STOP PUMPING is ddisplayed on the LCD
Also,
Activate the alarm
and switch OFF the relay
that controls the pump that pumps water into the reservoir.
Check the Humidity
sensors signal input bit (soil_sensor) for a low
If bit is low Then Stop Irrigation.
Report irrigation Ok on the
LCD
Check the
lower water level sensors signal input bit (sensor_lower) for a low
If bit is low Then Water
needed.Give a bip on the alarm, and start the reservoir pump.
END
|
MAIN PROGRAM
start:
call
lcd_monitoring
jb
soil_sensor,moisture_detect
jnb
soil_sensor,irrigation_OFF
jnb
UWL_sensor,UWL_detect
jnb
LWL_sensor,LWL_detect
CONCLUSION
The
Intelligent Microcontroller-based Irrigation System was designed to be able to
supply water to farms with or without the presence of the farmer/farm owner and
also reduce waste of water by incorporating into it, sensors which monitors the
humidity of the soil and the tank water level. The project features an alarm
which is sounded on reach of high water level (in tank) and high humidity (in
soil). All these were achieved through the use of microcontroller which is the
brain of the project, which monitors all operations of the system.
You are a free to ask questions.
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